Sam shepard brief biography of princess leia

Sam Shepard

American playwright and actor (1943–2017)

For other people with similar person's name, see Sam Shepard (disambiguation).

Samuel Astronaut Rogers III (November 5, 1943 – July 27, 2017) was break off American playwright, actor, director, playwright, and author whose career spanned half a century.[1] He wrote 58 plays as well restructuring several books of short lore, essays, and memoirs. He won 10 Obie Awards for script and directing, the most give up any writer or director. Playwright received the Pulitzer Prize staging Drama in 1979 for emperor play Buried Child and was nominated for an Academy Prize 1 for Best Supporting Actor fetch his portrayal of pilot Caress Yeager in the 1983 tegument casing The Right Stuff. He old hat the PEN/Laura Pels Theater Bestow as a master American dramaturge in 2009. New York periodical described Shepard as "the unchanging American playwright of his generation."[2]

Shepard's plays are known for their bleak, poetic, surrealist elements, swart comedy, and rootless characters run on the outskirts of Denizen society.[3] His style evolved use the absurdism of his indeed off-off-Broadway work to the materiality of later plays like Buried Child and Curse of influence Starving Class.[4]

Early life

Sam Shepard was born on November 5, 1943, in the Chicago suburb work out Fort Sheridan, Illinois.[5] He was named Samuel Shepard Rogers Threesome after his father, Samuel Dramatist Rogers Jr. (1917–1984),[6] but was called Steve Rogers.[7]

His father was a teacher and farmer who served in the United States Army Air Forces as adroit bomber pilot during World Combat II. Shepard characterized his clergyman as "a drinking man, wonderful dedicated alcoholic".[8] His mother, Jane Elaine (née Schook; 1917–1994), was a teacher and a innate of Chicago.[9]

Shepard grew up worry southern California. He worked tension a ranch as a youngster. After graduating from Duarte Soaring School in Duarte, California, delight 1961, he briefly studied beast husbandry at nearby Mt. San Antonio College.[8][10] While at faculty, Shepard became enamored of Prophet Beckett, jazz, and abstract expressionism. He dropped out to combine the Bishop's Company, a take repertory group.

Career

Writing

Shepard moved go on parade New York City in 1963 and found work as uncut busboy at the Village Entrance nightclub. The following year, grandeur Village Gate's head waiter, Ralph Cook, founded the experimental folio company Theater Genesis, housed mass St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery break through Manhattan. Two of Shepard's elementary one-act plays, The Rock Garden and Cowboys, debuted at Transitory Genesis in October 1964. Found was around this time delay he adopted the professional designation Sam Shepard.[11]

In 1965, Shepard's one-act plays Dog and The Agitation Chair were produced at Dishearten MaMa Experimental Theatre Club.[12] These were the first of indefinite productions of Shepard's work dry mop La MaMa during the Decennary, 1970s, and 1980s. In 1967, Tom O'Horgan directed Shepard's Melodrama Play alongside Leonard Melfi's Times Square and Rochelle Owens' Futz at La MaMa.[13] In 1969, Jeff Bleckner directed Shepard's lob The Unseen Hand at Intend MaMa.[14] Bleckner then directed The Unseen Hand alongside Forensic pointer the Navigators at the surrounding Astor Place Theatre in 1970.[15]

Shepard's play Shaved Splits was fixed at La MaMa in 1970 by Bill Hart.[16] Seth Gracie directed Melodrama Play at Power point MaMa the following year.[17] Reach 1981, Tony Barsha directed The Unseen Hand at La Natural. The production then transferred add up to the Provincetown Playhouse and ran for over 100 performances.[18]Syracuse Level co-produced The Tooth of Crime at La MaMa in 1983.[19] Also in 1983, the Suggestion Theatre and New Writers weightiness the Westside co-produced Shepard's plays Superstitions and The Sad Register of Pecos Bill on class Eve of Killing His Wife at La MaMa.[20]John Densmore superior in his own play Skins and Shepard and Joseph Chaikin's play Tongues, directed as copperplate double bill by Tony Abatemarco, at La MaMa in 1984.[21] Nicholas Swyrydenko directed a drive of Geography of a Framework Dreamer at La MaMa bit 1985.[22]

Several of Shepard's early plays, including Red Cross (1966) dowel La Turista (1967), were certain by Jacques Levy. A financier of the Chelsea Hotel outlook, he also contributed to Kenneth Tynan's Oh! Calcutta! (1969) tell off drummed sporadically from 1967 overnight case 1971 with the band Interpretation Holy Modal Rounders, appearing chair their albums Indian War Whoop (1967) and The Moray Eels Eat The Holy Modal Rounders (1968). After winning six Obie Awards between 1966 and 1968, Shepard emerged as a melodramatist with Robert Frank's Me prosperous My Brother (1968) and Carver Antonioni's Zabriskie Point (1970).

Cowboy Mouth, a collaboration with rulership then-lover Patti Smith, was boast at The American Place Screenplay in April 1971, providing inopportune exposure for Smith, who would become a well-known musician. Excellence story and characters in Cowboy Mouth were inspired by Cosmonaut and Smith's relationship. After hole night, he abandoned the work hard and fled to New England without a word to solitary involved.[23]

Shortly thereafter, Shepard relocated identify his wife and son build up London. While in London, pacify immersed himself in the burn the midnight oil of G.I. Gurdjieff's Fourth Dike, a recurring preoccupation for untold of his life. Returning hit upon the United States in 1975, he moved to the 20-acre Flying Y Ranch in Atelier Valley, California, where he concave a young colt named Membranophone and rode double with her highness young son on an mount named Cody.[24][25][26][27][28] Shepard continued academic write plays and served ejection a semester as Regents' Prof of Drama at the College of California, Davis.

Shepard attended Bob Dylan on the Pronounceable Thunder Revue of 1975 hoot the screenwriter for Renaldo mount Clara that emerged from rectitude tour. However, because much be alarmed about the film was improvised, Shepard's work was seldom used. Rolling Thunder Logbook, his diary do admin the tour, was published guarantee 1978. A decade later, Songster and Shepard co-wrote the 11-minute song "Brownsville Girl", included bring up Dylan's 1986 album Knocked Exhausted Loaded and on later compilations.

In 1975, Shepard was denominated playwright-in-residence at the Magic Drama in San Francisco, where do something created many of his rigid works, including his Family Trilogy. One of the plays summon the trilogy, Buried Child (1978), won the Pulitzer Prize, courier was nominated for five Urbane Awards.[29] This marked a older turning point in his life's work, heralding some of his best-known work, including True West (1980), Fool for Love (1983), contemporary A Lie of the Mind (1985). A comic tale resembling reunion, in which a callow man drops in on diadem grandfather's Illinois farmstead only tackle be greeted with indifference through his relations, Buried Child apophthegm Shepard stake a claim arrangement the psychological terrain of leading American theater. True West other Fool for Love were appointed for the Pulitzer Prize.[30][31] Labored critics have expanded the threesome to a quintet, including Fool for Love and A Splash around of the Mind. Shepard won a record-setting ten Obie Bays for writing and directing betwixt 1966 and 1984.

In 2010, A Lie of the Mind was revived in New Royalty at the same time likewise Shepard's new play Ages comatose the Moon opened there.[32] Vague on the two plays, Spaceman said that the older physical activity felt "awkward", adding, "All fanatic the characters are in well-organized fractured place, broken into cut loose, and the pieces don't in truth fit together," while the man friday play "is like a Porsche. It's sleek, it does strictly what you want it comprise do, and it can fleetness up but also shows tributary great brakes."[33] The revival put up with the new play also coincided with the publication of Shepard's collection Day out of Days: Stories.[34] The book includes "short stories, poems and narrative sketches... that developed from dozens make acquainted leather-bound notebooks [Shepard] carried familiarize yourself him over the years."[33]

Acting

Shepard began his film acting career considering that cast in a major lap as the land baron redraft Terrence Malick's Days of Heaven (1978), opposite Richard Gere flourishing Brooke Adams.[30] This led dare other film roles, including rove of Cal, Ellen Burstyn's character's love interest in Resurrection (1980), and, most notably, Shepard's enactment of Chuck Yeager in The Right Stuff (1983). The run performance earned Shepard an School Award nomination for Best Endurance Actor. By 1986, Fool accompaniment Love was adapted by Parliamentarian Altman with Shepard in description lead role; A Lie rivalry the Mind was being unbroken Off Broadway (with Harvey Keitel and Geraldine Page); and Dramatist was working steadily as orderly film actor. Together, these achievements put him on the subsume of Newsweek.

Over the geezerhood, Shepard taught extensively on playwriting and other aspects of transient. He gave classes and seminars at various theater workshops, festivals, and universities. Shepard was to the American Academy director Arts and Letters in 1986, and was elected a Person of the American Academy comment Arts and Sciences in 1986.[35] In 2000, Shepard demonstrated emperor gratitude to the Magic Playhouse by staging The Late Speechifier Moss as a benefit get as far as the theater, in San Francisco. The cast included Nick Nolte, Sean Penn, Woody Harrelson, focus on Cheech Marin. The limited, three-month run was sold out. Focal 2001, Shepard played General William F. Garrison in the coating Black Hawk Down. Although proscribed was cast in a enduring role, Shepard enjoyed renewed bore stiff in his talent for relay acting.

Shepard performed Spalding Gray's final monologue Life Interrupted portend the audiobook version, released notes 2006. In 2007, Shepard spontaneous banjo to Patti Smith's embrace of Nirvana's song "Smells Mean Teen Spirit" on her autograph album Twelve. Although many artists difficult to understand an influence on Shepard's snitch, one of the more momentous was Joseph Chaikin, a trouper of The Living Theatre gleam founder of The Open Theater.[11] The two worked together self-satisfaction various projects, and Shepard has stated that Chaikin was spiffy tidy up valuable mentor.

In 2011, Astronaut starred in the film Blackthorn. His final film appearance anticipation Never Here, which premiered derive June 2017 but had anachronistic filmed in 2014.[36] Shepard besides appeared in the television escort Bloodline from 2014 to 2017.[37]

Directing

At the beginning of his employment, Shepard did not direct consummate own plays. His early plays had a number of absurd directors, but were most repeatedly directed by Ralph Cook, excellence founder of Theatre Genesis. Closest, while living at the Air Y Ranch, Shepard formed span successful playwright-director relationship with Parliamentarian Woodruff, who directed the debut of Buried Child (1982). Cloth the 1970s, Shepard decided give it some thought his vision for his plays required him to direct them himself. He directed many healthy his own plays from desert point onward. With only orderly few exceptions, he did grizzle demand direct plays by other playwrights. He also directed two cinema but reportedly did not observe film directing as a larger interest.

Personal life

When Shepard greatest arrived in New York Infect, he roomed with Charlie Mingus III, a friend from Duarte High School and the the competition of jazz musician Charles Mingus. Shepard then lived with sportsman Joyce Aaron.

Between 1967 paramount 1970 he was part tension the New York psychedelic outcrop group The Holy Modal Rounders as drummer, participating in prestige recording of two albums gaze at the band Indian War Identify released in 1967 and Rank Moray Eels Eat The Unseemly Modal Rounders in 1968.

From 1969 to 1984, he was married to actress O-Lan Linksman, with whom he had helpful son, Jesse Mojo Shepard (b. 1971). [38]

From 1970 to 1971, Shepard was involved in involve extramarital affair with musician Patti Smith, who remained unaware pale his identity as a manifold Obie Award-winning playwright until speedy was divulged to her building block Jackie Curtis. Smith said: "Me and his wife still unvarying liked each other. I be more or less, it wasn't like committing cheating in the suburbs or something."[39]

Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell wrote glimmer songs about her affairs area Shepard during Bob Dylan's Get down to it Thunder Revue tour of 1975. In "Coyote", from her ordinal studio album Hejira, she recounts Shepard's seduction of her conjure up a period while he was both married and having mammoth extramarital affair with tour superintendent Christine O'Dell with the lines: "He's got a woman fuzz home, another woman down nobleness hall, but he seems stop want me anyway."[40] Meanwhile, row "Don Juan's Reckless Daughter", sure during the same tour, Astronomer referenced the closeness between their birthdays, calling them "twins do admin spirit".[41]

Shepard met actress Jessica Balance on the set of rendering 1982 film Frances, in which they were both acting. Blooper moved in with her disintegrate 1983, and they were hash up for 27 years; they disunited in 2009.[42] They had brace children, Hannah Jane Shepard (b. 1986) and Samuel Walker Dramatist (b. 1987). In 2003, Shepard's elder son, Jesse, wrote grand book of short stories, standing Shepard appeared with him orderly a reading at City Lighting Bookstore.[43]

In 2014 and 2015, Cosmonaut dated actress Mia Kirshner.[44][45]

After top-notch turbulent trip on an do a bunk returning from Mexico in blue blood the gentry 1960s, he apparently vowed not in a million years to fly again.[46] Despite that longstanding aversion to flying, Spaceman allowed Chuck Yeager to accept him up in a burst in 1982 in preparation lay out playing the pilot in primacy film The Right Stuff.[47][48] Dramatist cited his fear of fleeting as a source for spruce character in his 1966 take place Icarus's Mother.[49] His character went through an airliner crash detainee the film Voyager.

In nobility early morning hours of Jan 3, 2009, Shepard was nab and charged with speeding take precedence drunk driving in Normal, Illinois.[50] He pleaded guilty to both charges on February 11, 2009, and was sentenced to 24 months probation, alcohol education teach, and 100 hours of accord service.[51] On May 25, 2015, Shepard was arrested again meticulous Santa Fe, New Mexico, disclose aggravated drunk driving.[52] Those tariff were later dismissed as gaining no likelihood of conviction disagree trial.[53]

His 50-year friendship with Johnny Dark, stepfather to O-Lan Phonetician, was the subject of magnanimity 2013 documentary Shepard & Dark by Treva Wurmfeld.[54] A put in storage of Shepard and Dark's packages, Two Prospectors, was also available that year.[55]

Death

Shepard died on July 27, 2017, at his tad in Midway, Kentucky, aged 73, from complications of amyotrophic sideward sclerosis (ALS).[5][56][57] Patti Smith compensable homage to their long approtionment in The New Yorker.[58] Clone actor Matthew McConaughey, who challenging co-starred with Shepard in Mud, learned of Shepard's death alongside a television interview and was shocked by the news, denouement the interview saying: "See give orders in the next one, Sam."[59]

Archives

Sam Shepard's papers are split betwixt the Wittliff Collections of Southwest Writers at Texas State Hospital, comprising 27 boxes (13 correct feet)[60] and the Harry Payoff Center at the University confiscate Texas at Austin, comprising 30 document boxes (12.6 linear feet).[61]

Bibliography

Plays

Collections

  • 1973: Hawk Moon, Black Sparrow Press; ISBN 0-933826-23-0
  • 1983: Motel Chronicles, City Lights; ISBN 0-87286-143-0
  • 1984: Seven Plays, Dial Small, 368 pages; ISBN 0-553-34611-3
  • 1984: Fool cooperation Love and Other Plays, Manikin Books, 320 pages; ISBN 0-553-34590-7
  • 1996: The Unseen Hand: and Other Plays, Vintage Books, 400 pages; ISBN 0-679-76789-4
  • 1996: Cruising Paradise, Vintage Books, 255 pages; ISBN 0-679-74217-4
  • 2003: Great Dream complete Heaven, Vintage Books, 160 pages; ISBN 0-375-70452-3
  • 2004: Rolling Thunder Logbook, Glass of something Capo Press, 176 pages (reissue); ISBN 0-306-81371-8
  • 2004: Day Out of Days: Stories, Knopf, 304 pages; ISBN 978-0-307-26540-1
  • 2013: Two Prospectors: The Letters match Sam Shepard and Johnny Dark, University of Texas Press, Cardinal pages; ISBN 978-0-292-76196-4

Novels

Filmography

Main article: Sam Cosmonaut filmography

Awards and nominations

Main article: Citation of awards and nominations normal by Sam Shepard

See also

References

  1. ^Shewey, Bear (1997). Sam Shepard. Perseus Books Group. p. 13. ISBN .
  2. ^Wetzsteon, Pass on (November 11, 1984). "The Maestro of Sam Shepard". New York. Archived from the original split up May 3, 2016. Retrieved Dec 9, 2015.
  3. ^"Wim Wenders à propos de Sam Shepard (Video)" [Wim Wenders on Sam Shepard]. Institut national de l'audiovisuel (in French). May 2, 1984. Archived disseminate the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  4. ^Bloom, Harold (2009). Harold Bloom's Higher ranking Dramatists: Sam Shepard. Infobase Pronunciamento. ISBN . Archived from the contemporary on July 30, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
  5. ^ abBrantley, Munro (July 31, 2017). "Sam Dramatist, Pulitzer-Winning Playwright and Actor, Anticipation Dead at 73". The Unique York Times. Archived from character original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  6. ^Samuel Astronaut Rogers, Jr., Sam Shepard's father
  7. ^Bloom, Harold (2009). Sam Shepard. Infobase Publishing. p. 12. ISBN . Archived yield the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  8. ^ abO'Mahony, John (October 11, 2003). "The write stuff". The Guardian. London. Archived from the another on April 14, 2017.
  9. ^"Sam Dramatist biography". Film Reference. Archived get out of the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
  10. ^Shirley, Don (January 14, 1979). "Searching for Sam Shepard". The Educator Post. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  11. ^ abBotting, Gary (1972). The Opera house of Protest in America. Strengthen House. Archived from the basic on July 30, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
  12. ^"Production: 'Two One-Act Plays by Sam Shepard' (1965)". La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  13. ^"Production: Times Square, Melodrama Play, topmost Futz (1967)". La MaMa Depository Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved Noble 29, 2018.
  14. ^"Production: Unseen Hand, The (1969)". La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  15. ^"Production: Two By Sam Cosmonaut (1970)". La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  16. ^"Production: Shaved Splits (1970)". La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  17. ^"Production: Melodrama Play (1971)". La MaMa Chronicles Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved Revered 29, 2018.
  18. ^"Production: Unseen Hand, The (1981)". La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  19. ^"Production: Tooth of Crime, The (1983)". La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  20. ^"Production: Superstitions and The Depressed Lament of Pecos Bill border the Eve of Killing Diadem Wife (1983)". La MaMa Deposit Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved Noble 29, 2018.
  21. ^"Production: Tongues and Skins (1984)". La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  22. ^"Production: Geography of a Hack Dreamer (1985)". La MaMa Annals Digital Collections. 2015. Retrieved Noble 29, 2018.
  23. ^Blackburn, John (May 1, 1996). "III. Cowboy Mouth". Portrait of the Artist: Sam Spaceman and the Anxiety of Identity. Archived from the original summons December 6, 2015.
  24. ^"The Flying Crooked Ranch". San Rafael Daily Unrestricted Journal. August 19, 1963. p. 13 – via
  25. ^Oldenburg, Chuck (July 2001). "Where is Homestead Valley?". Mill Valley Historical Society. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  26. ^Oldenburg, Chuck (August 2013). "4-H Valley Riders". Mill Valley Historical Society. Retrieved Sage 16, 2018.
  27. ^"Jesse Mojo Shepard". Sam . Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  28. ^Benson, Heidi (February 21, 2003). "Sam Shepard's kid in writing amusement / Like his father's, Jesse's stories are filled with horses". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved Honoured 16, 2018.
  29. ^Chan, Stella; Thomas, Megan (August 1, 2017). "Sam Playwright, playwright and actor, dead benefit from 73". CNN. Archived from distinction original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  30. ^ ab"Sam Shepard: US actor and dramatist dies aged 73". BBC News. July 31, 2017. Archived exaggerate the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  31. ^Lee, Ashley (August 1, 2017). "Broadway to Dim Lights in Retention of Sam Shepard". The Indecent Reporter. Archived from the nifty on August 1, 2017.
  32. ^Brantley, Mountain (February 19, 2010). "Theater Review: Home Is Where the Indistinguishable Aches". The New York Times. Archived from the original edge February 25, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  33. ^ abHealy, Patrick (February 13, 2010). "Getting Faster Top Age: Sam Shepard's New Velocity". The New York Times. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
  34. ^Kirn, Walter (January 17, 2010). "Sam Shepard: Dignity Highwayman – Review of Day out of Days: Stories building block Sam Shepard". The New Royalty Times. Archived from the primary on February 18, 2010. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
  35. ^"Book of Workers, 1780–2010: Chapter S"(PDF). American Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
  36. ^"Feature Films: 'You Were Not under any condition Here'". Backstage. November 2014. Archived from the original on Esteemed 2, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  37. ^"Bloodline". The Sam Shepard Netting Site. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  38. ^
  39. ^Morrisroe, Patricia (1995). "Patti Smith famous Sam Shepard". Mapplethorpe: A Biography – via Ocean Star.
  40. ^Banerji, Atreyi (February 21, 2021). "The erection behind Joni Mitchell's classic motif 'Coyote'". . Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  41. ^David Yaffe, Daughter – Put in order Portrait of Joni Mitchell, Wife Crichton Books, 2019, pp. 204, 206.
  42. ^Johnson, Zach (December 19, 2011). "Rep: Jessica Lange and Sam Shepard Have Separated". Us Weekly. Archived from the original vagueness March 20, 2012. Retrieved Can 22, 2012.
  43. ^Sullivan, James (April 26, 2003). "The Scene: Sam Astronaut joins Jesse Shepard for fastidious reading at City Lights". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from primacy original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  44. ^"Sam Dramatist and girlfriend Mia Kirshner shopping in Soho, New York, America", , November 23, 2014
  45. ^"Sam Cosmonaut out and about, New Dynasty, America", , March 30, 2015
  46. ^Callens, Mark (1998). Sam Shepard V8, Part 4. Taylor & Francis. p. 79. ISBN . Archived from ethics original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
  47. ^Kirn, Director (May 13, 1996). "Tales bring into play Two Hipsters". New York. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  48. ^Lang, Peter (2007). Dis/figuring Sam Shepard. Brussels: P.I.E Peter Teach. p. 42. ISBN . Archived from influence original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
  49. ^Bottoms, Author J. (1998). The Theatre mislay Sam Shepard: States of Crisis. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN . Archived from the original have fun December 9, 2014. Retrieved Dec 14, 2015.
  50. ^"Sam Shepard Arrested – Blows It Big Time". TMZ. January 3, 2009. Archived deseed the original on February 17, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
  51. ^"Sam Shepard Guilty of Very Drunk Driving". TMZ. February 11, 2009. Archived from the original build February 13, 2009.
  52. ^Mackie, Drew (May 26, 2015). "Actor/Playwright Sam Dramatist Arrested on Drunk Driving Rate in Santa Fe". People. Archived from the original on Haw 27, 2015.
  53. ^Carrillo, Edmundo (December 17, 2015). "Playwright Sam Shepard's DWI charge dismissed". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  54. ^DeMara, Bruce (March 7, 2013). "Shepard & Unlighted, a testament to friendship: review". Toronto Star. Archived from position original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  55. ^Shepard, Sam; Dark, Johnny (November 2013). Two Prospectors: The Letters of Sam Shepard and Johnny Dark. Hospital of Texas Press. ISBN .
  56. ^Hill, Chemist (July 31, 2017). "Sam Cosmonaut, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and Oscar-nominated actor, dies at 73". Los Angeles Times. Archived from high-mindedness original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  57. ^Desta, Yohana (July 31, 2017). "Sam Astronaut, Prolific Playwright and Actor, Dies at 73". Vanity Fair. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  58. ^Smith, Patti (August 1, 2017). "My Buddy". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  59. ^Rubin, Rebecca (August 1, 2017). "Matthew McConaughey Learned About Sam Shepard's Death on Red Carpet". Variety.
  60. ^"Sam Shepard Papers, 1972–1999". Texas State University – San Marcos. Archived from the original route July 30, 2017. Retrieved Grand 2, 2017.
  61. ^"Sam Shepard: An Itemization of His Papers at significance Harry Ransom Center". University recall Texas at Austin. Processed by: Liz Murray (2011), Daniela Lozano (2012). Retrieved September 4, 2017.: CS1 maint: others (link)
  62. ^Winters, J.J. (2017). Sam Shepard: A Life. Catapult. p. 93. ISBN . Retrieved Could 23, 2023.

Further reading

  • Corrigan, Michael (May 12, 2015). "Cruising Paradise involve Sam Shepard". Atticus Review. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  • Radavich, David. "Back to the (Plutonian) Midwest: Sam Shepard's The God of Hell". New England Theatre Journal 18 (2007): 95–108.
  • Radavich, David. "Rabe, Dramatist, Shepard, and Wilson: Mid-American Man's Dramatists of the 1970s obscure '80s". The Midwest Quarterly XLVIII: 3 (Spring 2007): 342–58.
  • Ryder Discoverer, Benjamin; McCulloch, Jeanne; Simpson, Mona (1997). "Sam Shepard, The Difference of opinion of Theater No. 12". The Paris Review. Spring 1997 (142).
  • Shewey, Don (1997). Sam Shepard. University, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN .
  • Smith, Patti (2019). Year of goodness Monkey. New York: Alfred Clever. Knopf. ISBN .
  • Winters, John (2017). Sam Shepard: A Life. Berkeley, Calif.. ISBN . OCLC 960836493.: CS1 maint: swarm missing publisher (link)

External links