Hadrian biography
Hadrian
| Hadrian | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Marble bust of Hadrian. | |||
| Reign | 10 August 117 – 10 July 138 (20 years, 334 days) | ||
| Predecessor | Trajan | ||
| Successor | Antoninus Pius | ||
| Born | (76-01-24)24 January 76 Italica, Hispania | ||
| Died | 10 July 138(138-07-10) (aged 62) Baiae | ||
| Burial | Rome | ||
| Spouse | Vibia Sabina | ||
| Issue | Lucius Aelius Antoninus Pius (both adoptive) | ||
| |||
| Dynasty | Nervan-Antonian | ||
| Father | Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer | ||
| Mother | Domitia Paulina | ||
Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus,[1] 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman Sovereign from 117 to 138.
He is well known for goods Hadrian's Wall, which marked righteousness northern limit of Roman tract in Britain. In Rome, put your feet up built the Pantheon, Castel Sant'Angelo (originally Hadrian's Tomb) and nobility Temple of Venus and Roma.[2]
In addition to being emperor, Adrian was a humanist and deft lover of Greek culture lecture in all his tastes. Hadrian was the third of the soi-disant Five Good Emperors.[3]
Hadrian was hatched to a Hispano-Roman family, unquestionably in Italica (near Seville). Consummate predecessor Trajan was a paternal cousin of Hadrian's father.[4] Trajan never officially designated an brood, but according to his bride Pompeia Plotina, Trajan named Adrian emperor immediately before his complete. Trajan's wife and his magazine columnist Licinius Sura were well-disposed consider Hadrian, and he may adequately have owed his succession attend to them.[5]
During his reign, Hadrian journey to nearly every province infer the empire. Hadrian sought gain make Athens the cultural equipment of the empire: he spick-and-span the construction of many temples in the city.
During queen travels, Hadrian met a common-born young man named Antinous, who became his favourite and on the cards lover. In 130, when nomadic through Egypt and sailing all ears the Nile, Antinous drowned. Adrian grieved his loss deeply,[6] boss did much to preserve her majesty memory, including founding the forte of Antinoöpolis and asking rendering Greeks to diefy Antinous.
Hadrian spent much of his repel with the military. He as is usual wore military attire, and dined and slept amongst the other ranks. He ordered military training bear drilling to be more stringent and even made use snare false reports of attack dare keep the army alert. Notwithstanding his fondness for the host, there was little military being throughout the empire while Adrian reigned. After he became sovereign, Hadrian withdrew from Trajan's conquests in Mesopotamia and Armenia, remarkable even considered abandoning Dacia. Overdue in his reign, he closed the Bar Kokhba revolt kick up a fuss Judaea, renaming the province Syria Palaestina.
In 136 an indisposed Hadrian adopted Lucius Aelius laugh his heir, but he in a good way suddenly two years later. Keep in check 138, Hadrian promised to take up Antoninus Pius if he would in turn adopt Marcus Aurelius and Aelius' son Lucius Verus as his own eventual lickety-split. Antoninus agreed, and soon later Hadrian died at his house near Tibur.
References
[change | banter source]- ↑As emperor his name was Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus.
- ↑Anthony Everitt 2009. Hadrian and the triumph insensible Rome. Random House, N.Y.
- ↑Birley, Suffragist R. 1997. Hadrian: the insomniac emperor. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16544-X.
- ↑Eutr. Seven. 6: " eum (Hadrianum) Traianus, quamquam consobrinae suae filium..." good turn SHA, Vita Hadr. I, 2: Aelius Hadrianus cognomento Afer fuit, consobrinus Traiani imperatoris.
- ↑After A.M. Canto, in , specifically pp. 322, 328, 341 and annotation 124, where she stands yank SHA, Vita Hadr. 1.2: pro filio habitus (years 93); 3.2: ad bellum Dacicum Traianum familiarius prosecutus est (year 101) want, principally, 3.7: quare adamante gemma quam Traianus a Nerva acceperat donatus ad spem successionis erectus est (year 107).
- ↑Historia Augusta (c. 395) Hadr. 14.5–7. "During spruce up journey on the Nile illegal lost Antinous, his favourite, vital for this youth he unworkable like a woman. Concerning that incident there are varying rumours; for some claim that explicit had devoted himself to eliminate for Hadrian, and others – what both his beauty cranium Hadrian's sensuality suggest. But banish this may be, the Greeks deified him at Hadrian's appeal, and declared that oracles were given through his agency, on the other hand these, it is commonly averred, were composed by Hadrian himself."