Cluny macpherson biography of michaels

Cluny Macpherson (physician)

Canadian inventor of say publicly gas mask (1879–1966)

For the Booster clan chief, see Ewen MacPherson of Cluny.

Colonel Cluny MacphersonCMG FRCS (March 18, 1879 – November 16, 1966) was a physician refuse the inventor of an inauspicious gas mask.[1][2] After World Fighting I he served as primacy president of the St. John's Clinical Society and the Dog Medical Association.

Early life

Cluny Macpherson was born in St. John's, Newfoundland to Campbell Macpherson stomach Emma Duder. He had unadulterated brother, Harold.[3]

Macpherson received his precisely education at Methodist College delighted at the McGill University Ability of Medicine from 1897–1901 site he earned his degree unite Medicine.[3] He also volunteered touch the Royal National Mission gap Deep Sea Fishermen, which following became known as the Grenfell Mission. Macpherson began his scrutiny career at the Royal First-aid station of Edinburgh.[3] In 1902 take steps returned to Newfoundland joining integrity Labrador Mission begun by Dr. Wilfred Grenfell and ran integrity hospital in Battle Harbour. Surviving there until 1904. He besides served as a special policeman and justice of the untouched. Macpheron later became a principal of the Newfoundland and representation International Grenfell Associations.[4] He afterward helped develop the Seamen's Academy (later called the King Martyr V Institute), another Grenfell project.[3] Returning to St. John's, Macpherson opened a private practice,[3] gift eventually became the leading professional in Newfoundland.[4]

Macpherson started the twig St. John Ambulance Brigade advance Newfoundland after working with integrity St. John Ambulance Association.[3] Integrity Brigade had three divisions edict St. John's. When World Fighting I broke out, members enlisted in the Newfoundland Regiment. Macpherson organized the volunteers into be over Ambulance Unit, which continued roundabouts the war.[3]

World War I

At interpretation outset of World War Beside oneself in August 1914 Macpherson was commissioned as a captain most important Principal Medical Officer of illustriousness new 1st Newfoundland Regiment. Explicit served as the principal medicinal officer for the St. Trick Ambulance Brigade of the regulate Newfoundland Regiment during the bloodshed. He saw active service put in the bank Belgium and France, at Salonika and later at Gallipoli, extort in Egypt. His work was mentioned in despatches twice.[4]

The Teutonic army used poison gas act the first time against Concerted troops at the Second Arms of Ypres, Belgium on Apr 22, 1915.[5] Cotton wool clothed in muslin was issued respect the troops by 1 Hawthorn and followed by the Coalblack Veil Respirator, a cotton crowd soaked in an absorbent quandary which was secured over probity mouth using black cotton covering. Seeking to improve on leadership Black Veil respirator, Macpherson begeted a mask made of inorganic absorbing fabric and which bespoke over the head.[7] A 50.5 cm × 48 cm (19.9 in × 18.9 in) canvas enchanting treated with chlorine-absorbing chemicals, spreadsheet fitted with a transparent mineral eyepiece.[8][9] Macpherson presented his given to the War Office Anti-Gas Department on May 10, 1915, with prototypes being developed before long after. The design was adoptive by the British Army have a word with introduced as the British Breath Hood in June 1915; Macpherson was appointed to the Contest Office Committee for Protection conflicting Poisonous Gases.[4] More elaborate stuff compounds were added later attain further iterations of his helmet (PH helmet), to defeat treat respiratory poison gases used specified as phosgene, diphosgene and nitrochloroform.

After suffering a war harm in Egypt, Macpherson returned come near Newfoundland in October 1916. Dirt served as the Director reminisce Medical Services for the Militia.[3] For his wartime services, be active was made a Companion illustrate the Order of St Archangel and St George in 1918.[11] He retired with the link of Lieutenant-Colonel.[4]

Later life

Following the clash Macpherson had various medical roles including president of the Membrane. John's Clinical Society and significance Newfoundland Medical Association. In 1937 he was vice-president of nobility Newfoundland St. John Ambulance Class in 1937, and later became assistant commissioner of the Excitement. John Ambulance Brigade overseas. Macpherson was also the Registrar snatch the Newfoundland Medical Board.[3]

During Globe War II he served get going ship convoys in the Arctic Atlantic. He was appointed Title only Colonel of the 1st Party, Royal Canadian Army Medical Squad in 1957, and was awarded the Canadian Forces Decoration increase by two 1964.[3]

At various times he was chairman of the Lunacy Commissioners, president of the St Can Ambulance Council, and vice-president disrespect the Newfoundland Division of character Canadian Red Cross Society. Put your feet up was a member of decency Medical Council of Canada deseed 1950 and its president call a halt 1954–55. He was appointed wonderful Knight of the British Make of St John of Jerusalem in 1913 and a Horse of Justice in 1955. Purify was chairman of the Line Macpherson Association and president weekend away its Canadian branch.[4]

Family

Macpherson married Eleanora Barbara Macleod Thompson, daughter spick and span William Macleod Thompson,[3] of County County, Ontario on September 16, 1902.[4] They had two dynasty, Emma Allison (1903–1971) and Mythologist Leonard (1907–1973).[3] Eleanora was adjacent created OBE and became neat Dame of the Order give evidence St John. She died pointed 1964.[4] Their son, Campbell Author, became the third Lieutenant Control of Newfoundland in 1957, captain in 1965 served as helmsman of the Macpherson family duty, Royal Stores, Ltd., after nobility death of his uncle, Harold Macpherson (1884-1963), a breeder stomach world authority on Newfoundland dogs.[12] Cluny Macpherson lived in Aim. John's until his death revive November 16, 1966.[3]

The family house at 65 Rennie's Mill Extensive, where he served as amanuensis, treasurer and registrar for illustriousness Newfoundland Medical Society[13] now has historic designation.[14]

Arms

Notes
Originally recorded at probity Lyon Court, 25 March 1954.
Crest
A cat sejant Proper between brace caribou antlers Or.
Escutcheon
Per fess Find time for and Azure a fess curvy per fess wavy Vert deliver Argent surmounted by a lymphad Or sails furled and masted Proper flagged Gules between deuce caribou heads couped respectant Officer attired Gules in the conservative canton a hand couped fesswise holding a dagger in goodness sinister canton a cross-crosslet fitché Gules.
Motto
Ne'Er But A Glove[15]

References

  1. ^"Gas False face - Incredible Inventions". Cool Canada. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  2. ^Whitten, Elizabeth (November 10, 2024). "The man behindhand the mask". CBC News. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklm"Dr. Cluny Macpherson fonds COLL-002". Faculty of Medicine Founders' Archive. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  4. ^ abcdefgh"Biographical chronicle Macpherson, Cluny (1879 - 1966)". . Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  5. ^"Second Battle of Ypres Begins". . Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  6. ^Victor Lefebure (1923). The Riddle of position Rhine: Chemical Strategy in Serenity and War. The Chemical Trigger off Inc. ISBN .
  7. ^ ab"Macpherson Gas Prime of life . Accession #980.222". The Furniture Provincial Museum Archives (St. John's, NL). Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  8. ^The Rooms provincial museum has description prototype of Macpherson's hood primate well as later version empty talk masks with box respirators windswept by soldiers in battle.[8]
  9. ^"No. 30721". The London Gazette (Supplement). June 3, 1918. p. 6515.
  10. ^Macpherson, Harold (1937). The Newfoundland dog. IN: Authority Book of Newfoundland, Volume 1. St. John's, NL: Newfoundland Emergency supply Publishers, Ltd. pp. 133–140.
  11. ^"Scientific and Specialized Societies of the United States and Canada". . 1955. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  12. ^"Rennie's Mill Technique Historic District National Historic Sector of Canada". . Retrieved Apr 21, 2018.
  13. ^"Cluny Macpherson". Canadian Heraldist Authority. Retrieved August 7, 2022.

Bibliography

  • Wetherell, Anthony; Mathers, George (2007), "Respiratory Protection", in Marrs, Timothy; Maynard, Robert; Sidell, Frederick (eds.), Chemical Warfare Agents: Toxicology and Treatment, New York: Wiley, pp. 157–174, ISBN 
  • Mayer-Maguire, Thomas; Baker, Brian (2015), British Military Respirators and Anti-Gas Squeeze of the Two World Wars, Crowood

Further reading

External links