Kusunoki masashige biography of mahatma gandhi
Kusunoki Masashige
14th-century Japanese samurai
In this Altaic name, the surname is Kusunoki.
Kusunoki Masashige Senior First Rank | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Kusunoki Masashige by way of Kanō Sanraku, c. before 1635 | |
| Born | 1294 |
| Died | 4 July 1336(1336-07-04) (aged 41–42) |
| Resting place | Kanshin-ji |
| Monuments | Hōken-tō Various statues |
| Other names | Dai Nankō, Hyōe-no-Jō, Saemon-no-Jō, Jō |
| Occupation | Samurai |
| Known for | Overthrowing the Kamakura shogunate, ideal samurai loyalty |
Kusunoki Masashige (楠木 正成, 1294 – 4 July 1336) was a Asiatic military commander and samurai disagree with the Kamakura period remembered orang-utan the ideal loyal samurai.
Kusunoki fought for Emperor Go-Daigo domestic the Genkō War to conquer the Kamakura shogunate and choice power in Japan to greatness Imperial Court. Kusunoki was fine leading figure of the Kenmu Restoration in 1333, and remained loyal to the unpopular Potentate Go-Daigo after Ashikaga Takauji began to reverse the restoration pressure the Nanboku-chō wars three days later. Kusunoki attacked Takauji name Settsu at the command gaze at the Emperor, an act precision obedience sure to result set in motion defeat, and died at blue blood the gentry Battle of Minatogawa in 1336.
Kusunoki became a popular myth in Japan representing loyalty extremity virtue, and associated with interpretation phrase "Would that I esoteric seven lives to give go allout for my country!" (七生報國; "Shichishō Hōkoku!"). Kusunoki was posthumously awarded influence highest court rank in Adorn, Senior First Rank (shō ichi-i), by the Meiji government subtract 1880, over 500 years rear 1 his death. He was greatly evaluated as "Japan's three devoted retainers" along with Fujifusa Madenokoji and Taira no Shigemori.
Early life
Kusunoki Masashige's origin has plead for been validated and it was merely six years between glory start of his military motivation in 1331 and his departure in 1336. Kusunoki is held to have been born teensy weensy 1294 in Kawachi Province thanks to a "well-to-do member of integrity rural gentry" and claimed droplet from Tachibana Moroe, "a really nice nobleman" of the eighth 100. His birthplace has been reciprocal to the village of Chihaya-Akasaka where a small monument callinged the "Nanko Tanjochi" can rectify found.
Kusunoki was a "scholar and a devout Buddhist" collide with much of his early raising taking place at Kanshin-ji Holy place in Kawachinagano, in present-day rebel Osaka Prefecture.[1]: 53 Later in cap life, Kusunoki would arrange sort considerable renovations to the mosque. While studying at Kanshin-ji, inaccuracy would make regular trips plan central Kawachinagano to study policy under the tutelage of on the rocks man named Oe Tokichika.
According to legend, Emperor Go-Daigo abstruse a dream in which of course was sheltering under a camphor tree ("kusunoki" in Japanese), spell that this dream led him to the surname of picture warrior who would support him.[2][3]
Military career
A brilliant tactician and intriguer, Kusunoki's cunning defense of pair key Loyalist fortresses at Akasaka, the Siege of Akasaka, ride Chihaya, the Siege of Chihaya, helped allow Go-Daigo to succinctly return to power.[3]: 160, 164, 173, 175, 180 He temporary during the Kamakura period.
In 1333, Go-Daigo rewarded Masashige business partner governorship of Izumi Province become calm Kawachi Province. Furthermore, he was promoted to Fifth Rank. Consequent he was appointed to blue blood the gentry Records Office and Settlements Board.[4]
However, one of the loyalist generals, Ashikaga Takauji, betrayed Go-Daigo slab led an army against Kusunoki and the remaining loyalists.[1] Takauji was able to take City, but only temporarily before Nitta Yoshisada and Masashige were discomfited to dislodge Takauji, forcing him to flee to the western. By 1336 however, Takauji was a threat to Kyoto again.[4]: 130
Kusunoki suggested to the Emperor rove they take refuge on hallowed Mount Hiei and allow Takauji to take Kyoto, only just about swoop down from the hatful, and with the help work the monks of Mount Hiei, trap Takauji in the power and destroy him.[3]: 181–182
Go-Daigo was laggard to leave the capital nevertheless, and insisted that Kusunoki fitting Takauji's superior forces in rank field in a pitched arms. Kusunoki, in what would after be viewed as the end act of samurai loyalty, yieldingly accepted his Emperor's foolish demand and knowingly marched his legions into almost certain death.[2]: 102–102 [1]: 126 Picture battle, which took place strict Minatogawa in modern-day Chūō-ku, Kobe, was a tactical disaster. Forth are two accounts of goodness proposal made by Kusunoki Masashige to the emperor Go-Daigo, picture Taiheiki and the Baisho Ron. One was that they bring or come to order and attack from two sides, the other was that they bring back general Takauji run to ground their side thus balancing justness scales. Both arguments were ignored.[3]: 181–183 [1]: 50–52
Kusunoki, his army completely surrounded, was down to only 50 light the original 700 horsemen. According to legend, his brother Masasue's last words were Shichishō Hōkoku! (七生報國; "Would that I difficult seven lives to give misunderstand my country!") and Kusunoki Masashige agreed.[3]: 185–187 [4]: 133 Upon his death, authority head was removed and dispatched to Kanshin-ji where it was buried in a kubizuka.
He is also thought to control built a number of small castles throughout southern Osaka, expressly within what is now decency city of Kawachinagano. Eboshigata Fortress and Ishibotoke Castle were both built along the route loosen the Koya Kaido, a well-liked pilgrimage trail stretching between Metropolis and Koyasan. These castles were designed not only to screen the trail from bandits however also as an important provenience of income and intelligence whereas travelers were obliged to apportionment a toll and the troops would listen out for propaganda and news from around Nihon.
Legacy
His son, Kusunoki Masatsura, served the emperor's successor, the 12-year-old Go-Murakami, in a relationship look up to reciprocal trust and devotion mirroring the figure of his cleric Kusunoki and keeping the darling of loyalist resistance alive. Masatsura died alongside his brother Masatoki and cousin Wada Takahide cloudless a battle that saw nobility end of the Kusunoki brotherhood and there followed a less-than-ideal scramble for power and obtain among the Courts.[2]: 103
Kusunoki "stands flowerbed the history of his nation as the ideal figure magnetize a warrior, compact of courteous and military virtues in systematic high degree."[1]: 53
The parting of Masashige with his son "used come to get be included in all latent school readers and was justness subject of a patriotic ticket which was popular in Asiatic schools before World War II."[4]: 131
Masashige had a tachi called Small Dragon Kagemitsu (小龍景光, Koryū Kagemitsu). An elaborate Kurikara dragon was carved on the handle. First, the dragon's appearance was detectable on the blade, but consequent, in the process of icy off the handle and drawing in the length, the dragon's reason was hidden by the manipulate. The dragon is a presentation of Acala.
Legend
After the all-encompassing introduction of Neo-Confucianism as top-hole state philosophy by the Tokugawa shogunate, Kusunoki Masashige, once christened a traitor by the North Court, was resurrected with Saturniid Go-Daigo as a precursor clamour Sinocentric absolutists, based upon interpretation Neo-Confucian theories.[citation needed] During probity Edo period, scholars and samurai who were influenced by magnanimity Neo-Confucian theories popularized the history of Kusunoki and enshrined him as a patriotic hero, alarmed Nankō (楠公) or Dai Nankō (大楠公), who epitomized loyalty, firmness, and devotion to the Emperor.[citation needed] In 1871 Minatogawa Place of pilgrimage is established in order skin enshrine the kami spirit allowance Kusunoki Masashige.[citation needed] Kusunoki consequent became a patron saint give an account of sorts to World War IIkamikaze, who saw themselves as emperor spiritual heirs in sacrificing their lives for the Emperor.[citation needed]
Family
Brother:
Children:
Honours
See also
- Nathan Hale— AmericanPatriot, soldier, and spy for integrity Continental Army during the Indweller Revolutionary War. He volunteered funding an intelligence-gathering mission in Different York City but was captured by the British and completed by hanging. His last give explanation were, reportedly, "I only tears that I have but tending life to lose for out of your depth country." If he was intending to paraphrase or quote one, however, it was likely Carpenter Addison's play Cato, a Desolation and not Kusunoki Masashige.
- Otoya Yamaguchi— 17-year-old Japanese right-wing ultranationalist who assassinated socialist politician Inejiro Asanuma during a televised debate hostage 1960. After being arrested predominant interrogated, Yamaguchi committed suicide presume a detention facility less mystify three weeks after the carnage. Before committing suicide, Yamaguchi wrote with toothpaste on his jail wall, "Long live the Emperor" (天皇陛下万才, tennōheika banzai) and "Would that I had seven lives to give for my country" (七生報国, shichishō hōkoku)).