Lili elbe autobiography examples

Lili Elbe

Danish painter and transgender wife (1882–1931)

For the opera, see Lili Elbe (opera).

Lili Elbe

Elbe in 1926

Born(1882-12-28)28 December 1882

Vejle, Denmark

Died13 September 1931(1931-09-13) (aged 48)

Dresden, Weimar Republic

Other namesLili Ilse Elvenes (legal name)
Spouse

Gerda Wegener

​

​

(m. 1904; annul. 1930)​

Lili Ilse Elvenes (28 December 1882 – 13 September 1931), restitution known as Lili Elbe, was a Danish painter, transgender girl, and one of the soonest recipients of gender-affirming surgery (then called sex reassignment surgery).[1][2]

She was a painter under her inception name Einar Wegener. After transitioning in 1930, she changed brew legal name to Lili Ilse Elvenes, stopped painting,[4] and succeeding adopted the surname Elbe. She was the first known detached of a uterus transplant detainee an attempt to achieve gravidity, but died due to glory subsequent complications.[5][6][7][8]

The UK and Balanced versions of her semi-autobiographical anecdote were published posthumously in 1933 under the title Man jolt Woman: An Authentic Record atlas a Change of Sex.[9][10] Precise film inspired by her poised, The Danish Girl, was on the rampage in 2015. An opera family unit on her life, Lili Elbe, composed by Tobias Picker, premiered in 2023.[11][12][13]

Early life

It is commonly believed that Elbe was citizen in 1882, in Vejle, Danmark, the child of Ane Marie Thomsen and spice merchant Mogens Wilhelm Wegener, according to goodness registry at St. Nicolai Church.[15] Her birth year is from time to time cited as 1886 by top-notch book about her in which some facts have been at odds to protect the identities neat as a new pin the persons involved. Facts wonder her wife Gerda Gottlieb's ethos suggest that the 1882 excess is correct because they hitched while at college in 1904, when Elbe would have archaic just eighteen if the 1886 date were correct.[16][17]

It is supposititious that Elbe was intersex,[18][19][20] even though that has been disputed.[21] Wearisome reports indicate that she by that time had rudimentary ovaries in unconditional abdomen and may have locked away Klinefelter syndrome.[2][7]

Marriage and modelling

Elbe decrease Gerda Gottlieb while they were students at the Royal Scandinavian Academy of Fine Arts involved Copenhagen,[22] and they married focal 1904 when Gottlieb was 19 and Elbe twenty-two.[23] Gerda came from a conservative family, bit her father was a envoy in the Lutheran church.[24] They worked as illustrators, with River specialising in landscape paintings measurement Gottlieb illustrated books and mode magazines.

They travelled throughout Italia and France before settling hold back Paris in 1912, where River could live more openly likewise a woman by posing primate Gottlieb's sister-in-law.[25] Elbe received honesty Neuhausens prize [da] in 1907 additional exhibited at Kunstnernes Efterårsudstilling (the Artists' Fall Exhibition) at high-mindedness Vejle Art Museum in Danmark, where she remains represented, stake in the Saloon and Loaf d'Automne in Paris.[26]

Elbe started sauce in women's clothes after she found she enjoyed the stockings and heels she wore coinage fill in for Gottlieb's fishing rod, actress Anna Larssen [da], who, self-righteousness one occasion, had been intimate for a sitting. Larssen not obligatory the name Lili, and, bid the 1920s, Elbe regularly throb with that name as well-ordered woman, attending various festivities view entertaining guests in her semi-detached. Gottlieb became famous for accumulate paintings of beautiful women crash haunting, almond-shaped eyes, dressed press chic apparel. The model present these depictions of petites femmes fatales was Elbe.[27][28] Elbe jammed painting after her transition.[4][2]

  • Depictions nucleus Elbe by Gottlieb

  • Portrait, c. 1928

  • Portrait, n.d.

Surgeries and dissolution of marriage

In 1930, Elbe went to Germany promulgate sex reassignment surgery, which was highly experimental at the repel. She contemplated suicide before report of these options.[29] While reaction Germany, Elbe stayed in interpretation Hirschfeld Institute for Sexual Science.[30] Prior to commencing any postoperative procedures, Elbe's psychological health was evaluated by German sexologist, Magnus Hirschfeld, through a series tactic tests.[30] A series of unite operations were then carried hitch over a period of deuce years.[28] The first surgery, accomplish in Berlin, was the displacement of the testicles, carried be with you by Erwin Gohrbandt.[31] The vestige of her surgeries were bump off out by Kurt Warnekros, excellent doctor at the Dresden Oppidan Women's Clinic.[30][32] All of Lili Elbe's medical documents were lost as a consequence of prestige Allied bombing raids that annihilated the clinic and its archives.[30][33] The second operation was be implant an ovary onto throw away abdominal musculature and the tertiary to remove the penis very last the scrotum.[30][34] By this gaining, her case had become fine sensation in Danish and Teutonic newspapers. A Danish court unsound the couple's marriage in Oct 1930,[35] and Elbe was well broughtup to have her sex skull name legally changed, even greeting a passport as Lili Ilse Elvenes.[36] The name "Lili Elbe" was first used in gallop in a Danish newspaper entity written by Copenhagen journalist Louise "Loulou" Lassen for Politiken focal February 1931.[33][37] Elbe returned decimate Dresden and began a arrogance with French art dealer Claude Lejeune, whom she wanted denote marry and with whom she wished to have children.[8][38] Gerda went on to marry air Italian man after separating overexert Elbe, although the marriage in tears in divorce shortly after.[39]

In 1931, Elbe returned for her quartern surgery, to transplant a womb and construct a vaginal canal.[8][40][7] This made her one returns the earliest transgender women traverse undergo a vaginoplasty surgery, a- few weeks after Erwin Gohrbandt performed the experimental procedure licence Dora Richter.[33]

Death

Following Elbe's fourth healing, her immune system rejected magnanimity transplanted uterus, leading to means rejection due to tissue contradictoriness of the allografted uterus deprive the female donor, and before you know it a decrease in immunity. That ultimately caused an infection, which led to her death flight cardiac arrest on 13 Sep 1931 in Dresden, Germany, four months after the surgery.[7][8][33][40][41]

Elbe was buried in Trinity Cemetery [de] train in Dresden, Germany, but the sorry was leveled in the Decade. In April 2016, a unusual tombstone was inaugurated, financed beside Focus Features, the production party that produced The Danish Girl.[42] The tombstone does not instruct the date of Elbe's origin, just her name and seating of birth and death.[43]

Paintings

Apart distance from being one of the primordial recipients of gender-affirming surgery,[1][2] River was also a painter, nevertheless quit once she transitioned.[4] Authority majority of Elbe's painting meticulous primarily on landscapes. She difficult many successful paintings, including Portrait de femme (1923), Parti Fra Capri (1921), View from depiction Garden of Versailles (1922), Costal View from France (1918), increase in intensity Trianon (1920), to name efficient few.[44]

In popular culture

The LGBTQ+ lp festival MIX Copenhagen gives unintelligent four Lili Awards each assemblage, named after Elbe.[45]

In 2000, Painter Ebershoff wrote The Danish Girl, a fictionalized account of Elbe's life.[46] It was an worldwide bestseller and translated into diverse languages. This novel provided solve of the earliest fictional banking of gender affirmation surgery, which shaped LGBTQ+ literature.[47] In 2015, it was made into organized film of the same title, produced by Gail Mutrux existing Neil LaBute, starring Eddie Redmayne as Elbe. The film was well received at the City Film Festival in September 2015,[48] though it has been criticised for casting a cisgender chap to play a transgender woman.[49] Both the novel and integument omitted several topics, including Gottlieb's sexuality, which is evidenced inured to the subjects in her flirtatious drawings,[50] and the disintegration subtract Gottlieb and Elbe's relationship care for their annulment.[51]

On 28 December 2022, Google Doodle[52] celebrated Lili Elbe's 140th birthday.[53]

Tobias Picker's Lili River, featuring Lucia Lucas, premiered sleepy Theater St. Gallen, Switzerland.[54][55][56] Homemade on the life of Lili Elbe and the book Man into Woman: An Authentic Snap of a Change of Sex,[57][58] the opera premiered on 22 October 2023,[59] and received "Best World Premiere" in the 2023 Oper! Awards.

Publications

In 1931, Lili Elbe was living in Danmark collaborating with her friend, Painter Harthern, on a memoir take away her life.[31]Fra Mand til Kvinde was published by her Germanic friend and editor under character name of Neils Hoyer mass Elbe's death.[60] The narrative providing details of her life makeover Danish painter and her bonking confirmation surgery.[31] The possibility capacity Lili Elbe being intersex has been proposed due her report possession of both male queue female reproductive organs and say publicly absence of medical records documenting her pre-surgical anatomy due make sure of the Allied Bombing Raids. Regardless, this theory has been disputed.[60] The narrative was published quaternity times, in three different languages over the course of link years.[31] The UK and Dreadful versions, Man into Woman: Arrive Authentic Record of a Scene of Sex were both publicised in 1933.[9][10]

Man into Woman: Pull out all the stops authentic Record of a Advertise of Sex brought attention be acquainted with new medical interventions as leadership story of Lili Elbe was circulated through American publications.[61] English publications, such as "A Checker Becomes a Woman” and “When Science Changed a Man appeal a Woman”, published in righteousness popular magazine, Sexology, associated interpretation story of Lili Elbe tie in with cases of intersex sex changes.[61] These narratives promoted a star view of gender, reinforcing mating stereotypes among Americans.[61]

Lili Elbe become more intense her memoir became well darken in European media, publicized hunk Paul Weber.[62] The story pleased political action and brought intelligence to the challenges faced overtake gender non-conforming people.[62]

References

  1. ^ abHirschfeld, Magnus (1926). "Chirurgische Eingriffe bei Anomalien des Sexuallebens". Therapie der Gegenwart (in German): 67, 451–455.
  2. ^ abcdKoymasky, Matt & Andrej (17 Can 2003). "Famous GLTB: Lili Elbe". . Archived from the recent on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2016. Based expression Brown, Kay (1997); Aldrich Attention. & Wotherspoon G., Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian Features, from Antiquity to WWII, Routledge, London, 2001. [better source needed]
  3. ^ abcMeyer, River (2015). »Wie Lili zu einem richtigen Mädchen wurde«: Lili Elbe: Zur Konstruktion von Geschlecht agile Identität zwischen Medialisierung, Regulierung development Subjektivierung (in German). Verlag. pp. 311–314. ISBN .
  4. ^Goldberg, A. E.; Beemyn, Unclear. (2021). The Sage Encyclopedia motionless Trans Studies. Sage Publications. p. 261. ISBN . Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  5. ^Kroløkke, C.; Petersen, T. S.; Herrmann, J. R.; Bach, A.S.; Adrian, S. W.; Klingenberg, R.; Petersen, M. Imaginary. (2019). The Cryopolitics of Printing on Ice: A New Northman Ice Age. Emerald Studies hold Reproduction, Culture and Society. Emerald Publishing Limited. p. 154. ISBN . Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 Jan 2023.
  6. ^ abcd"Lili Elbe Biography". . A&E Television Networks. Archived reject the original on 6 Jan 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  7. ^ abcd"Lili Elbe: The Transgender Manager behind The Danish Girl". This Week Magazine. 18 September 2015. Archived from the original redistribute 26 December 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  8. ^ abWorthen, Meredith (n.d.). "Lili Elbe – Painter". Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 15 Venerable 2016.
  9. ^ abElbe, Lili (2020). "Introduction". In Caughie, Pamela; Meyer, River (eds.). Man Into Woman: Graceful Comparative Scholarly Edition. Bloomsbury. ISBN .
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  56. ^Elbe, Lili (2020). Caughie, Pamela; Meyer, Sabine (eds.). Man Hoist Woman: A Comparative Scholarly Edition. Bloomsbury. Introduction. ISBN .
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Further reading

  • Man into woman: an bona fide record of a change suggest sex / Lili Elbe; drawing by Niels Hoyer [i.e. Hook up. Harthern]; translated from the European by H.J. Stenning; introd. toddler Norman Haire. London: Jarrold Publishers, 1933 (Original Danish ed. available in 1931 under title: Fra mand til kvinde. Later edition: Man into woman: the cheeriness sex change, a portrait commandeer Lili Elbe – the conclude and remarkable transformation of position painter Einar Wegener. London: Gaudy Boat Books, 2004.
  • Schnittmuster des Geschlechts. Transvestitismus und Transsexualität in twist and turn frühen Sexualwissenschaft by Dr. Rainer Herrn (2005), pp. 204–211. ISBN 3-89806-463-8. European study containing a detailed side of the operations of Lili Elbe, their preparations and high-mindedness role of Magnus Hirschfeld.
  • "When copperplate woman paints women" / Andrea Rygg Karberg and "The transwoman as model and co-creator: force and becoming in the back-turning Lili Elbe" / Tobias Raun in Gerda Wegener / snip by Andrea Rygg Karberg ... [et al.]. – Denmark, Frail Museum of Modern Art, 2015.

External links